Showing posts with label DNA. Show all posts
Showing posts with label DNA. Show all posts

Wednesday, September 23, 2015

Bioprocessing Cell Therapy Products Demands Greater Automation

Cell therapy bioprocessing is undergoing significant developments at the moment. Bioprocess engineers that have developed their skills on vaccine or recombinant protein production will recognise the types of challenges experienced by those attempting to manufacture cell therapies, namely, process development, innovation, operations and process transfer, process characterization and the setting of specifications.

Finding solutions to process and technology cell therapy bottlenecks is the topic of a presentation at the Cell Therapy Bioprocessing BPI Boston, Pre-Conference Symposium from invited speaker Nick Timmins. Nick has previously co-authored a review of cell therapy bioprocessing in BioProcess International 12(3) March 2014 entitled ‘Cell Therapy Bioprocessing Technologies and Indicators of Technological Convergence’.

Increased Sensitivity to the Bioprocess Environment

In the review the authors describe how cells in cell therapy bioprocesses are “biologically dynamic” and highly sensitive to the bioprocess environment in which they are produced. This will have a direct impact on a cell therapies critical quality attributes. In contrast, industrial cell lines that are typically used to produce recombinant proteins are more stable during processing and the final protein product are less directly dependent on the culture and processing environment.

Bioprocess automation mitigates risks in patient-specific therapy production

Bioprocessing technologies used for cell therapy manufacture typically require a higher level of automation which allows for a greater level of control of the bioproduction environment which can impact product CQAs, however it also enables operators to run multiple upstream and downstream protocols simultaneously to produce, what could be, patient-specific therapies. The patient-specific nature of some cell therapies adds in an additional layer of complexity to the processing requirements, not typically found in biomanufacturing, driven by the need to prevent the mishandling or cross contamination of patient tissues. Process automation can help mitigate against some of these risks through ensuring the rigorous control and identification of biological materials as they are produced. More manual process interventions increase the opportunities for errors, contaminations and even abuse.  

The BioProcess International Conference and Exposition will be held on October 26-29, 2015 in Boston and the Cell Therapy Pre-Conference Symposium is scheduled to take place on October 26th.

Join me at #BPIconf
Contact me at nick.hutchinson@parker.com


Dr Nick Hutchinson has a Masters and Doctorate in Biochemical Engineering from University College London, UK where he focused on laboratory tools for rapid bioprocess development and characterization. He then worked at Lonza Biologics in an R&D function investigating novel methods for large-scale antibody purification before moving to an operational role scaling-up and transferring manufacturing processes between Lonza sites in the UK, Spain and USA. Nick now works in Market Development at Parker domnick hunter where his focus is in bringing Parker's strengths in Motion & Control to Bioprocessing. This will enable customers to improve the quality and deliverability of existing and future biopharmaceuticals.


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Monday, June 22, 2015

How to improve your monoclonal antibody harvest step using flocculation with smart polymers

In my last post (Might the sun be setting on process-scale chromatography for the purification of biopharmaceuticals?) I discussed how the trend of increasing bioreactor productivity at a near exponential rate has outstripped developments in packed-bed chromatography leading to bottlenecks in downstream processing.
Addressing the need for purification methods with higher throughputs will be the subject of presentations at the BioProcess International 2015 conference, however, seeking ways to eliminate chromatography steps is not necessarily the only solution to the problem of throughput-constraints in purification.  
Flocculation and cell culture harvests
Ken Kang from Eli Lilly and Company is scheduled to present on “Monoclonal flocculation with smart polymers for efficient clarification of high titer cell cultures and improved removal of impurities”. In 2013, Kang and collaborators from both Eli Lilly and Company and EMD Millipore published an article in the journal ‘Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2013;110:2928-2937describing an alternative harvest process for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) using the stimulus responsive polymer, benzylated poly(allylamine) as a flocculent followed by depth filtration.
Highly productive bioreactor processes also typically generate both high cell densities and levels of impurities that put additional pressure on purification trains. Although a relatively low resolution purification technique, flocculation can be used to remove considerable amounts of cells, host cell proteins and DNA in a quickly and cheaply. This decreases the burden on chromatography columns allowing a reduction in the number of cycles that must be performed and increasing the usable lifetime of resins. An additional benefit is that flocculation process are relatively easy to fit into existing equipment configurations without having to perform a whole-scale redesign of manufacturing facilities.
Residual levels of impurities in Protein A chromatography eluates
The process described in the article was not only high yielding and improved the clearance of cell debris but  also reduced aggregated product, HCP and Nucleic Acids. The burden on polishing chromatography steps was considerably reduced as the investigators were able to show that once the clarified cell culture filtrate was purified by Protein A chromatography the impurities in the eluate were so low they potentially met drug substance requirements. Crucially the team were able to demonstrate the clearance of residual polymer using fluorescence tagging.
Could flocculation improve your antibody harvest step?
The results from studies on flocculation such as this one seem both to present a path forward to reduce the impact of downstream bottlenecks while also being readily implementable. Flocculation processes seem relatively easy to develop, scale and operate without requiring sophisticated or expensive new equipment. What do you see as the benefits and challenges associated with this bioprocessing technique?
About the Author: Dr Nick Hutchinson has a Masters and Doctorate in Biochemical Engineering from University College London, UK where he focused on laboratory tools for rapid bioprocess development and characterization. He then worked at Lonza Biologics in an R&D function investigating novel methods for large-scale antibody purification before moving to an operational role scaling-up and transferring manufacturing processes between Lonza sites in the UK, Spain and USA. Nick now works in Market Development at Parker domnick hunter where his focus is in bringing Parker's strengths in Motion & Control to Bioprocessing. This will enable customers to improve the quality and deliverability of existing and future biopharmaceuticals.
Join me at #BPIconf


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Thursday, June 18, 2015

Might the sun be setting on process-scale chromatography for the purification of biopharmaceuticals?

Browsing through the program for BPI Boston 2015 I was really excited to see Abhinav Shukla is chairing a session in the Recovery & Purification track on novel approaches to non-chromatographic purification. The session will be on Tuesday afternoon starting at 1.25pm.
Like I explained in last week’s blog the subject it’s a subject that is particularly to my heart as it’s the field I worked in as a fresh engineer in my first role upon completing my doctorate.
Bottlenecks in downstream processing
Packed-bed chromatography is, of course, the workhorse of large-scale therapeutic protein purification. The selectivity of chromatography steps especially when operated together as part of an integrated downstream purification train allows very high levels of drug purity to be achieved ensuring patient safety.
The trade-off from a method like this which has such a great ability to resolve different molecular species to give a pure product is that capacity and throughput can be compromised. This was not such an issue during the early days of the industry but as it has developed and bioreactor productivity has increased at a near exponential rate the reliance on chromatography has arguably lead to bottlenecks in purification processes.
The cost of Protein A chromatography
For some within the industry the greatest concern is around Protein A affinity chromagraphy which is an extremely common capture step for monoclonal antibodies once harvested from bioreactors. The extremely high selectivity of Protein A resin means it has a somewhat lower capacity than some alternatives and its high cost of manufacture is reflected in its cost. Though significant advances have been made in Protein A resin technology over the past 20 years there is still significant interest in finding a suitable alternative. The cost of such a consumable means it is imperative biomanufacturers must take care when using and storing the resin to maximize its lifetime.
 Novel methods for therapeutic protein purification
Elastin-like polypeptides (ELP) are fascinating biopolymers that will reversibly transition from soluble molecules to insoluble form at relatively low temperatures. A modest temperature increase will allow an ELP-tagged protein to precipitate out of solution where it can be purified from contaminants using a traditional solid-liquid separation technique such as centrifugation or hollow fibre microfiltration. Resolubilization into a desired solvent or buffer will occur when the temperature of the suspended purified protein is reduced. A great description of the method for purifying ELP-tagged proteins without recourse to chromatography is described in a publication from Ashutosh Chilkoti and others of Duke University.
Author of the 2013 article ‘Emerging Challenges to Protein A’ (BioProcess International. Oct 1, 2013) Pete Gangnon is scheduled to present at the session and hopefully will be sharing more insights into highly innovative antibody purification process he describes in the article. Gangnon highlights two techniques used in combination with one another, firstly chromatin-directed clarification followed by an approach called steric exclusion chromatography which uses polyethylene glycol and hydrophilic particle surfaces. These techniques used with a Capto Adhere chromatography step to complete the purification process gave yields of over 80% while reducing host cell protein levels to <1ppm and aggregate to <0.1%.
What is your experience?
Have you tried non-chromatographic purification methods? How successful was it? Do you think that packed-bed chromatography may have had its day?

Nick Hutchinson
Join me at #BPIconf





















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Thursday, March 26, 2015

Visionary Keynote Interviews + New Poster Award at TIDES

TIDES is coming to San Diego in 6 weeks!  Get a sneak peek of this year's meeting by listening to exclusive interviews with a few of this year's visionary keynote speakers, who provide their perspectives on the current state of the oligonucleotide and peptide industry.

Start planning your team's trip to attend this year's meeting and access 800+ like-minded attendees, 100+ speaker presentations, 70+ exhibitors and 40+ scientific poster presentations.  The $200 registration savings deadline expires on April 10, so secure your seat today: http://bit.ly/1bxzMyX
Plus, all registered attendees gain immediate access to Attendee Connect, the partnering tool that allows you to communicate with fellow attendees before, during and after the meeting.

Stanley T. Crooke, M.D., Ph.D. CEO, Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
The progress of technology has yielded new chemistries like Generation 2.5.  How will that improve the potential of antisense technology?

SC:  Second generation drugs today that we make are significantly better than second generation [drugs] of just a few years ago in that we get about twice as much potency and we have much better tolerated drugs and that's a product of advances in technology.  Generation 2.5, we would expect would give us an increase in potency of about ten-fold...(Listen to the full interview)

You say that you are focused on creating the maximum value for your drugs and technology.  Tactically, how are you going that?

SC:  I think focusing on maximum value is the only hope for the industry in general.  With the technology we have at Isis, we have the benefit of very rapidly being able to take genetic information and convert it to drug.  So step one is to...(Listen to the full interview)

Kunwar Shailubhai, Ph.D., Co-Founder and CSO, Synergy Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Can you discuss the scientific rationale for developing a uroguanylin peptide analog to treat functional GI disorders?

KS: Two known agonists of GCC that are in clinical development are Linactotide, which is an FDA approved drug and our molecule, plecanatide for functional disorders/chronic constipation and IBS-C. Now, our molecule – plecanatide – is an analogue of uroguanylin whereas Linactotide is an analogue of e-coli enterotoxin. So, I would like to emphasize...(Listen to the full interview)

What challenges do you see the peptide industry facing in the next 5 years?

KS: The biggest challenge when we started working on this compound was to develop large-scale manufacturing.  The next thing that I believe is quite challenging for peptide drugs is formulation. Formulation should be done in a way that.....(Listen to the full interview)

The TIDES 2015 Poster Award
The TIDES 2015 Poster Award, sponsored by AUM LifeTech, Inc. will recognize TIDES 2015 poster presenters whose poster submission and research efforts demonstrate exceptional advances and breakthroughs in the following areas: discovery, pre-clinical and clinical aspects of oligonucleotide based therapeutic research including but not limited to mRNA silencing and manipulation, miRNAs, short and long non coding RNAs, exon skipping, delivery, genome edting, etc.

Three poster award recipients will receive $12,500, $7,500 and $5,000 respectively, in in-kind support/technology/products from AUM LifeTech, Inc. Through this support, awardees will have access to AUM’s next generation oligonucleotide technology that can be used to further awardee’s research. Please refer to www.aumlifetech.com for details on AUM’s RNA silencing and manipulation technology. Submissions from academic and research institutes are especially encouraged, as are submissions from industry. 

To apply for the poster award, you must be a registered TIDES attendee and submit your poster abstract by April 10, 2015 >> Submit your poster abstract today: http://bit.ly/1Iz2PND
Register by Friday, April 10 and receive a $200 Savings. Your $200 Savings Priority Code = 00DCL3R2B. Register here: http://bit.ly/1bxzMyX

Group rates are available for companies registering 4+ attendees.  Call 646-895-7445 to secure your team's seat today.

Sponsorship/Exhibition Opportunities: More than 70 leading and emerging oligonucleotide and peptide companies will be exhibiting or sponsoring this year's TIDES meeting.  Contact Sales Manager Steve Rooney at srooney@ibcusa.com to secure one of our few remaining exhibit spaces and/or spotlight speaking opportunities.

Cheers,

The TIDES Team


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